Using a Factory to Create Services ¶
Symfony's Service Container provides multiple features to control the creation of objects, allowing you to specify arguments passed to the constructor as well as calling methods and setting parameters.
However, sometimes you need to apply the factory design pattern to delegate the object creation to some special object called "the factory". In those cases, the service container can call a method on your factory to create the object rather than directly instantiating the class.
Static Factories ¶
Suppose you have a factory that configures and returns a new NewsletterManager
object by calling the static createNewsletterManager()
method:
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// src/Email/NewsletterManagerStaticFactory.php
namespace App\Email;
// ...
class NewsletterManagerStaticFactory
{
public static function createNewsletterManager(): NewsletterManager
{
$newsletterManager = new NewsletterManager();
// ...
return $newsletterManager;
}
}
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To make the NewsletterManager
object available as a service, use the
factory
option to define which method of which class must be called to
create its object:
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# config/services.yaml
services:
# ...
App\Email\NewsletterManager:
# the first argument is the class and the second argument is the static method
factory: ['App\Email\NewsletterManagerStaticFactory', 'createNewsletterManager']
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Note
When using a factory to create services, the value chosen for class has no effect on the resulting service. The actual class name only depends on the object that is returned by the factory. However, the configured class name may be used by compiler passes and therefore should be set to a sensible value.
Non-Static Factories ¶
If your factory is using a regular method instead of a static one to configure and create the service, instantiate the factory itself as a service too. Configuration of the service container then looks like this:
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# config/services.yaml
services:
# ...
# first, create a service for the factory
App\Email\NewsletterManagerFactory: ~
# second, use the factory service as the first argument of the 'factory'
# option and the factory method as the second argument
App\Email\NewsletterManager:
factory: ['@App\Email\NewsletterManagerFactory', 'createNewsletterManager']
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Invokable Factories ¶
Suppose you now change your factory method to __invoke()
so that your
factory service can be used as a callback:
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// src/Email/InvokableNewsletterManagerFactory.php
namespace App\Email;
// ...
class InvokableNewsletterManagerFactory
{
public function __invoke(): NewsletterManager
{
$newsletterManager = new NewsletterManager();
// ...
return $newsletterManager;
}
}
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Services can be created and configured via invokable factories by omitting the method name:
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# config/services.yaml
services:
# ...
App\Email\NewsletterManager:
class: App\Email\NewsletterManager
factory: '@App\Email\InvokableNewsletterManagerFactory'
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Using Expressions in Service Factories ¶
6.1
Using expressions as factories was introduced in Symfony 6.1.
Instead of using PHP classes as a factory, you can also use expressions. This allows you to e.g. change the service based on a parameter:
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# config/services.yaml
services:
App\Email\NewsletterManagerInterface:
# use the "tracable_newsletter" service when debug is enabled, "newsletter" otherwise.
# "@=" indicates that this is an expression
factory: '@=parameter("kernel.debug") ? service("tracable_newsletter") : service("newsletter")'
# you can use the arg() function to retrieve an argument from the definition
App\Email\NewsletterManagerInterface:
factory: "@=arg(0).createNewsletterManager() ?: service("default_newsletter_manager")"
arguments:
- '@App\Email\NewsletterManagerFactory'
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Passing Arguments to the Factory Method ¶
Tip
Arguments to your factory method are autowired if that's enabled for your service.
If you need to pass arguments to the factory method you can use the arguments
option. For example, suppose the createNewsletterManager()
method in the
previous examples takes the templating
service as an argument:
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# config/services.yaml
services:
# ...
App\Email\NewsletterManager:
factory: ['@App\Email\NewsletterManagerFactory', createNewsletterManager]
arguments: ['@templating']
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