Migrating an Existing Application to Symfony ¶

Choosing the Target Symfony Version ¶

Most importantly, this means that you will have to decide which version you are aiming to migrate to, either a current stable release or the long term support version (LTS). The main difference is, how frequently you will need to upgrade in order to use a supported version. In the context of a migration, other factors, such as the supported PHP-version or support for libraries/bundles you use, may have a strong impact as well. Using the most recent, stable release will likely give you more features, but it will also require you to update more frequently to ensure you will get support for bug fixes and security patches and you will have to work faster on fixing deprecations to be able to upgrade.

First of all your environment needs to be able to support the minimum requirements for both applications. In other words, when the Symfony release you aim to use requires PHP 7.1 and your existing application does not yet support this PHP version, you will probably have to upgrade your legacy project. Use the check:requirements command to check if your server meets the technical requirements for running Symfony applications and compare them with your current application's environment to make sure you are able to run both applications on the same system. Having a test system, that is as close to the production environment as possible, where you can just install a new Symfony project next to the existing one and check if it is working will give you an even more reliable result.

Setting up Composer ¶

Another point you will have to look out for is conflicts between dependencies in both applications. This is especially important if your existing application already uses Symfony components or libraries commonly used in Symfony applications such as Doctrine ORM or Twig. A good way for ensuring compatibility is to use the same composer.json for both project's dependencies.

Once you have introduced composer for managing your project's dependencies you can use its autoloader to ensure you do not run into any conflicts due to custom autoloading from your existing framework. This usually entails adding an autoload-section to your composer.json and configuring it based on your application and replacing your custom logic with something like this:

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require __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';

Removing Global State from the Legacy Application ¶

In older PHP applications it was quite common to rely on global state and even mutate it during runtime. This might have side effects on the newly introduced Symfony application. In other words code relying on globals in the existing application should be refactored to allow for both systems to work simultaneously. Since relying on global state is considered an anti-pattern nowadays you might want to start working on this even before doing any integration.

Setting up the Environment ¶

There might be additional steps you need to take depending on the libraries you use, the original framework your project is based on and most importantly the age of the project as PHP itself underwent many improvements throughout the years that your code might not have caught on to, yet. As long as both your existing code and a new Symfony project can run in parallel on the same system you are on a good way. All these steps do not require you to introduce Symfony just yet and will already open up some opportunities for modernizing your existing code.

Booting Symfony in a Front Controller ¶

When looking at how a typical PHP application is bootstrapped there are two major approaches. Nowadays most frameworks provide a so called front controller which acts as an entrypoint. No matter which URL-path in your application you are going to, every request is being sent to this front controller, which then determines which parts of your application to load, e.g. which controller and action to call. This is also the approach that Symfony takes with public/index.php being the front controller. Especially in older applications it was common that different paths were handled by different PHP files.

In any case you have to create a public/index.php that will start your Symfony application by either copying the file from the FrameworkBundle-recipe or by using Flex and requiring the FrameworkBundle. You will also likely have to update your web server (e.g. Apache or nginx) to always use this front controller. You can look at Web Server Configuration for examples on how this might look. For example when using Apache you can use Rewrite Rules to ensure PHP files are ignored and instead only index.php is called:

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RewriteEngine On

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI}::$1 ^(/.+)/(.*)::\2$
RewriteRule ^(.*) - [E=BASE:%1]

RewriteCond %{ENV:REDIRECT_STATUS} ^$
RewriteRule ^index\.php(?:/(.*)|$) %{ENV:BASE}/$1 [R=301,L]

RewriteRule ^index\.php - [L]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !^.+\.php$
RewriteRule ^ - [L]

RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:BASE}/index.php [L]

This change will make sure that from now on your Symfony application is the first one handling all requests. The next step is to make sure that your existing application is started and taking over whenever Symfony can not yet handle a path previously managed by the existing application.

From this point, many tactics are possible and every project requires its unique approach for migration. This guide shows two examples of commonly used approaches, which you can use as a base for your own approach:

• Front Controller with Legacy Bridge, which leaves the legacy application untouched and allows migrating it in phases to the Symfony application.
  レガシー ブリッジを備えたフロント コントローラー。これにより、レガシー アプリケーションは変更されず、段階的に Symfony アプリケーションに移行できます。
• Legacy Route Loader, where the legacy application is integrated in phases into Symfony, with a fully integrated final result.
  レガシー アプリケーションが段階的に Symfony に統合され、完全に統合された最終結果が得られるレガシー ルート ローダー。

Front Controller with Legacy Bridge ¶

Once you have a running Symfony application that takes over all requests, falling back to your legacy application is done by extending the original front controller script with some logic for going to your legacy system. The file could look something like this:

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// public/index.php
use App\Kernel;
use App\LegacyBridge;
use Symfony\Component\Dotenv\Dotenv;
use Symfony\Component\ErrorHandler\Debug;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;

require dirname(__DIR__).'/vendor/autoload.php';

(new Dotenv())->bootEnv(dirname(__DIR__).'/.env');

/*
 * The kernel will always be available globally, allowing you to
 * access it from your existing application and through it the
 * service container. This allows for introducing new features in
 * the existing application.
 */
global $kernel;

if ($_SERVER['APP_DEBUG']) {
    umask(0000);

    Debug::enable();
}

if ($trustedProxies = $_SERVER['TRUSTED_PROXIES'] ?? $_ENV['TRUSTED_PROXIES'] ?? false) {
    Request::setTrustedProxies(
      explode(',', $trustedProxies),
      Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_FOR | Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_PORT | Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_PROTO
    );
}

if ($trustedHosts = $_SERVER['TRUSTED_HOSTS'] ?? $_ENV['TRUSTED_HOSTS'] ?? false) {
    Request::setTrustedHosts([$trustedHosts]);
}

$kernel = new Kernel($_SERVER['APP_ENV'], (bool) $_SERVER['APP_DEBUG']);
$request = Request::createFromGlobals();
$response = $kernel->handle($request);

if (false === $response->isNotFound()) {
    // Symfony successfully handled the route.
    $response->send();
} else {
    LegacyBridge::handleRequest($request, $response, __DIR__);
}

$kernel->terminate($request, $response);

There are 2 major deviations from the original file:

Line 18

First of all, $kernel is made globally available. This allows you to use Symfony features inside your existing application and gives access to services configured in our Symfony application. This helps you prepare your own code to work better within the Symfony application before you transition it over. For instance, by replacing outdated or redundant libraries with Symfony components.

まず、$kernel がグローバルに利用可能になります。これにより、既存のアプリケーション内で Symfony の機能を使用できるようになり、Symfony アプリケーションで構成されたサービスにアクセスできるようになります。これは、Symfony アプリケーションを移行する前に、Symfony アプリケーション内でより適切に動作するように独自のコードを準備するのに役立ちます。たとえば、古いライブラリや冗長なライブラリを Symfony コンポーネントに置き換えることによって。

Line 41 - 46

If Symfony handled the response, it is sent; otherwise, the LegacyBridge handles the request.

Symfony が応答を処理した場合、それは送信されます。それ以外の場合、LegacyBridge が要求を処理します。

This legacy bridge is responsible for figuring out which file should be loaded in order to process the old application logic. This can either be a front controller similar to Symfony's public/index.php or a specific script file based on the current route. The basic outline of this LegacyBridge could look somewhat like this:

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// src/LegacyBridge.php
namespace App;

use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class LegacyBridge
{

    /**
     * Map the incoming request to the right file. This is the
     * key function of the LegacyBridge.
     *
     * Sample code only. Your implementation will vary, depending on the
     * architecture of the legacy code and how it's executed.
     *
     * If your mapping is complicated, you may want to write unit tests
     * to verify your logic, hence this is public static.
     */
    public static function getLegacyScript(Request $request): string
    {
        $requestPathInfo = $request->getPathInfo();
        $legacyRoot = __DIR__ . '/../';

        // Map a route to a legacy script:
        if ($requestPathInfo == '/customer/') {
            return "{$legacyRoot}src/customers/list.php";
        }

        // Map a direct file call, e.g. an ajax call:
        if ($requestPathInfo == 'inc/ajax_cust_details.php') {
            return "{$legacyRoot}inc/ajax_cust_details.php";
        }

        // ... etc.

        throw new \Exception("Unhandled legacy mapping for $requestPathInfo");
    }


    public static function handleRequest(Request $request, Response $response, string $publicDirectory): ?string
    {
        $legacyScriptFilename = LegacyBridge::getLegacyScript($request);

        // Possibly (re-)set some env vars (e.g. to handle forms
        // posting to PHP_SELF):
        $p = $request->getPathInfo();
        $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] = $p;
        $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] = $p;
        $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] = $legacyScriptFilename;

        require $legacyScriptFilename;
    }
}

This is the most generic approach you can take, that is likely to work no matter what your previous system was. You might have to account for certain "quirks", but since your original application is only started after Symfony finished handling the request you reduced the chances for side effects and any interference.

Since the old script is called in the global variable scope it will reduce side effects on the old code which can sometimes require variables from the global scope. At the same time, because your Symfony application will always be booted first, you can access the container via the $kernel variable and then fetch any service (using getContainer()). This can be helpful if you want to introduce new features to your legacy application, without switching over the whole action to the new application. For example, you could now use the Symfony Translator in your old application or instead of using your old database logic, you could use Doctrine to refactor old queries. This will also allow you to incrementally improve the legacy code making it easier to transition it over to the new Symfony application.

The major downside is, that both systems are not well integrated into each other leading to some redundancies and possibly duplicated code. For example, since the Symfony application is already done handling the request you can not take advantage of kernel events or utilize Symfony's routing for determining which legacy script to call.

Legacy Route Loader ¶

The major difference to the LegacyBridge-approach from before is, that the logic is moved inside the Symfony application. It removes some of the redundancies and allows us to also interact with parts of the legacy application from inside Symfony, instead of just the other way around.

The legacy route loader is a custom route loader. The legacy route loader has a similar functionality as the previous LegacyBridge, but it is a service that is registered inside Symfony's Routing component:

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// src/Legacy/LegacyRouteLoader.php
namespace App\Legacy;

use Symfony\Component\Config\Loader\Loader;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection;

class LegacyRouteLoader extends Loader
{
    // ...

    public function load($resource, $type = null)
    {
        $collection = new RouteCollection();
        $finder = new Finder();
        $finder->files()->name('*.php');

        /** @var SplFileInfo $legacyScriptFile */
        foreach ($finder->in($this->webDir) as $legacyScriptFile) {
            // This assumes all legacy files use ".php" as extension
            $filename = basename($legacyScriptFile->getRelativePathname(), '.php');
            $routeName = sprintf('app.legacy.%s', str_replace('/', '__', $filename));

            $collection->add($routeName, new Route($legacyScriptFile->getRelativePathname(), [
                '_controller' => 'App\Controller\LegacyController::loadLegacyScript',
                'requestPath' => '/' . $legacyScriptFile->getRelativePathname(),
                'legacyScript' => $legacyScriptFile->getPathname(),
            ]));
        }

        return $collection;
    }
}

You will also have to register the loader in your application's routing.yaml as described in the documentation for Custom Route Loaders. Depending on your configuration, you might also have to tag the service with routing.loader. Afterwards you should be able to see all the legacy routes in your route configuration, e.g. when you call the debug:router-command:

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$ php bin/console debug:router

In order to use these routes you will need to create a controller that handles these routes. You might have noticed the _controller attribute in the previous code example, which tells Symfony which Controller to call whenever it tries to access one of our legacy routes. The controller itself can then use the other route attributes (i.e. requestPath and legacyScript) to determine which script to call and wrap the output in a response class:

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// src/Controller/LegacyController.php
namespace App\Controller;

use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\StreamedResponse;

class LegacyController
{
    public function loadLegacyScript(string $requestPath, string $legacyScript)
    {
        return new StreamedResponse(
            function () use ($requestPath, $legacyScript) {
                $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] = $requestPath;
                $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] = $requestPath;
                $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] = $legacyScript;

                chdir(dirname($legacyScript));

                require $legacyScript;
            }
        );
    }
}

This controller will set some server variables that might be needed by the legacy application. This will simulate the legacy script being called directly, in case it relies on these variables (e.g. when determining relative paths or file names). Finally the action requires the old script, which essentially calls the original script as before, but it runs inside our current application scope, instead of the global scope.

There are some risks to this approach, as it is no longer run in the global scope. However, since the legacy code now runs inside a controller action, you gain access to many functionalities from the new Symfony application, including the chance to use Symfony's event lifecycle. For instance, this allows you to transition the authentication and authorization of the legacy application over to the Symfony application using the Security component and its firewalls.